"SUGAR FREE" Explained by a Functional Nutritionist


A MARKETING TERM

"Sugar-free" is a marketing term that may or may not be informative.

In general, it is a good idea to limit processed and added sugar.

However, the question you must ask yourself when you see this claim is "why"?

SUGAR FREE YET SWEET

There are 2 reasons a product may be labelled as "sugar-free".

The first is that it may be naturally low in sugar (like unsweetened tea).

The other is that it may be sweetened with an alternative sweetener (like sugar-free tea that still tastes sweet).

BITTERSWEET TRUTH

Alternative sweeteners are not an innocent substitute for sugar.

Many think they are harmless because they do not contain calories.

However, your body still senses and responds hormonally as if it were real sugar (causing undesired blood sugar swings, cravings, and unhealthy weight gain).

The compounds in alternative sweeteners (like aspartame, sucralose, anything that ends in -itol and even stevia) can disrupt your gut, brain, and hormones.

TAKEAWAY

Your best bet is to choose foods that are naturally low in sugar or that contain sugar from nature (like honey, maple syrup, or fruit).


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References

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Tucker, R. M., & Tan, S. Y. (2017). Do non-nutritive sweeteners influence acute glucose homeostasis in humans? A systematic review. Physiology & behavior, 182, 17–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.09.016

Pepino, M. Y., & Bourne, C. (2011). Non-nutritive sweeteners, energy balance, and glucose homeostasis. Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care, 14(4), 391–395. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0b013e3283468e7e

Kuk, J. L., & Brown, R. E. (2016). Aspartame intake is associated with greater glucose intolerance in individuals with obesity. Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme, 41(7), 795–798. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0675

Suez, J., Korem, T., Zeevi, D. et al. Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota. Nature 514, 181–186 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13793

Araújo, J. R., Martel, F., & Keating, E. (2014). Exposure to non-nutritive sweeteners during pregnancy and lactation: Impact in programming of metabolic diseases in the progeny later in life. Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.), 49, 196–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.09.007

Lindseth, G. N., Coolahan, S. E., Petros, T. V., & Lindseth, P. D. (2014). Neurobehavioral effects of aspartame consumption. Research in nursing & health, 37(3), 185–193. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.21595

Humphries, P., Pretorius, E., & Naudé, H. (2008). Direct and indirect cellular effects of aspartame on the brain. European journal of clinical nutrition, 62(4), 451–462. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602866

Walton, R. G., Hudak, R., & Green-Waite, R. J. (1993). Adverse reactions to aspartame: double-blind challenge in patients from a vulnerable population. Biological psychiatry, 34(1-2), 13–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(93)90251-8

Yang Q. (2010). Gain weight by "going diet?" Artificial sweeteners and the neurobiology of sugar cravings: Neuroscience 2010. The Yale journal of biology and medicine, 83(2), 101–108.

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